Moist-Electric Generator

Disposable wearable electronics are valuable for diagnostic and healthcare purposes, reducing maintenance needs and enabling broad accessibility. However, integrating a reliable power supply is crucial for their advancement, but conventional power sources present significant challenges. To address that issue, we develop a novel paper-based moist-electric generator that harnesses ambient moisture for power generation. The device features gradients for functional groups and moisture adsorption and an architecture of nanostructures within a disposable paper substrate. The nanoporous, gradient-formed spore-based biofilm and asymmetric electrode deposition enable sustained high-efficiency power output. At the same time, a Janus hydrophobic-hydrophilic paper layer enhances moisture harvesting, ensuring effective operation even in low humidity environments. Our research reveals that the water adsorption gradient is crucial for performance under high humidity, whereas the functional group gradient is dominant under low humidity. The device delivers consistent performance across diverse conditions and flexibly conforms to various surfaces, making it ideal for wearable applications. Its eco-friendly, cost-effective, and disposable nature makes it a viable solution for widespread use with minimal environmental effects. This innovative approach overcomes the limitations of traditional power sources for wearable electronics, offering a sustainable solution for future disposable wearables. It significantly enhances personalized medicine through improved health monitoring and diagnostics.