Symmetric Ciphers Based on 2d Chaotic Maps
Abstract
In this paper, methods are shown how to adapt invertible two-dimensional chaotic maps on
a torus or on a square to create new symmetric block encryption schemes. A chaotic map is
first generalized by introducing parameters and then discretized to a finite square lattice
of points which represent pixels or some other data items. Although the discretized map is
a permutation and thus cannot be chaotic, it shares certain properties with its continuous
counterpart as long as the number of iterations remains small. The discretized map is further
extended to three-dimensions and composed with a simple diffusion mechanism. As a result, a
symmetric block product encryption scheme is obtained. To encrypt an N x N image, the ciphering
map is iteratively applied to the image. The construction of the cipher and its security is
explained with the two-dimensional baker map. It is shown that the permutations induced by the
baker map behave as typical random permutations. Computer simulations indicate that the cipher
has good diffusion properties with respect to the plain-text and the key. A non-traditional
pseudo-random number generator based on the encryption scheme is described and studied.
Examples of some other two-dimensional chaotic maps are given and their suitability for
secure encryption is discussed. The paper closes with a brief discussion of a possible
relationship between discretized chaos and cryptosystems.
WWW: http://www.ws.binghamton.edu/fridrich